1.Analysis of changes in economic relations The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held at the end of 2012 ushered in a new era of high-quality transformation of the national economy, and crude steel output exceeded one billion tons by 2022. With the tremendous development of the iron and steel industry, the roll manufacturing industry has also made great progress, as the main raw material from the steel products and directly serve the steel production of the roll manufacturing industry, there is an inseparable economic relationship between the two, this paper tries to analyze the operation trend through the changes of the two in the past ten years, think about the problem node to promote healthy development.In the past ten years, the roll manufacturing industry has also experienced three stages, first of all, look at the downward intersection in 2014, reflecting the downward trend with the steel situation and fall below the cost line with the steel industry situation slowly rebounded; In the middle of 2017, at the upward intersection, the demand side was affected by the large-scale new rolling mill with rolls, the demand was expanded, the supply-side environmental protection storm began, the largest roll supply source Xingtai stopped production and limited production, and then the roll enterprises in Tangshan limited production, and there was a supply gap, and the roll price retaliated to fill the gap in the rise of raw materials; In the later stage of 2019, the downward intersection, a new round of steel industry into structural adjustment, the market demand for rolls has decreased significantly, and the market demand for rolls has stabilized, but the roll manufacturing industry is affected by the expansion of Tangshan roll enterprises in the northeast, the structural expansion of Jiangsu roll enterprises and the completion of environmental protection management and production by Xingtai roll enterprises. Different from iron and steel enterprises, the fluctuation lag range is flat, when the steel industry shocks upward, the roll manufacturing industry can not follow the direction, only when the supply and demand are out of balance to clear the cost pressure, since the reform is basically this trend. 2. Comparison of relative prices of steel products and roll products Commodity price comparison is in the same market, the same period between the price of different commodities between the proportional relationship, it is not a simple price ratio, but the ratio between the number of commodity exchanges, the price of rolls and pig iron reflects the ratio of the number of commodity exchanges between roll enterprises and iron and steel enterprises. The author has compared the phenomenon of rolls and iron and steel enterprises since the reform, the ratio of casting rolls and pig iron in 1980 during the transition period of the planned economy was 1:9.9 to 1:5.5 in 1993 and then 1:3.5 in 2012, and 1:2.8 in 2022, that is, 1 part of the roll can only be exchanged for 2.8 parts of pig iron. In the same period, the number of rolls exchanged for pig iron is getting smaller and smaller, and the situation of roll manufacturing enterprises in the sudden replacement of main raw materials is becoming more and more embarrassing. 3. Comparison of the economic benefits of typical listed steel and rolls and foundry enterprises First, compared with the iron and steel enterprises, the scale of roll enterprises is relatively small, earnings per share is generally lower than that of iron and steel enterprises, economic benefits have lagged behind, and the same is a typical enterprise in the foundry industry compared with the sun and moon shares, his cast iron products account for 97% of the main business, 87% of the products flow to the wind power industry, benefiting from the rapid development of new energy earnings per share is significantly higher than the same foundry industry roll enterprises. Second, from the sales gross profit margin of roll enterprises are much higher than iron and steel enterprises, but the net profit margin is generally much lower than that of iron and steel enterprises, gross profit margin determines the competitiveness of products, net profit margin reflects the company's management efficiency, in addition to the different types of enterprise scale, and casting enterprises have long product flow, low modernization efficiency, high capital cost is not unrelated. Third, from the inventory turnover days to see the characteristics of the industry product determines the gap is huge, from the accounts receivable turnover days to see that iron and steel enterprises are generally in a week, even in the most difficult 2015 did not exceed 20 days, on the other hand, roll enterprises accounts receivable turnover days of 100 days is the norm, in the most difficult 2015 reached 300 days, the ability of iron and steel enterprises to occupy cash fully reflects the competitive position. Based on the above data, the main raw materials of rolls such as pig iron come from iron and steel enterprises, and its products are also used in steel production. At present, with the increasing internal and external pressure on steel enterprises, the economic relationship between iron and steel enterprises and roll manufacturing enterprises will become more and more abnormal, which will seriously affect the development of roll manufacturing enterprises and will also affect iron and steel enterprises.

On December 15, 2023, the kick-off meeting for the revision of the national standard "Recycled Steel Raw Materials" (GB/T 39733-2020) was held in Beijing. The national standard was submitted on December 29, 2022 to revise the project application, on April 6, 2023, the experts reviewed and approved the project application, and on December 1, 2023, the National Standards Committee officially issued the revision plan. At the meeting, Zhang Haideng, deputy director of the Department of Raw Materials of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Gao Xingbao, director of the Solid Waste Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, and Mo Hongpin, deputy director of the Energy Conservation Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, delivered speeches respectively, fully affirming the role of the introduction of the national standard of "recycled steel raw materials" in promoting the import of high-quality recycled steel raw materials, and put forward hopes and requirements for further revision and improvement of standards from the aspects of promoting low-carbon transformation, ensuring the import of recycled steel raw materials, guiding scrap steel processing, strengthening the construction of ecological civilization, and promoting the effective implementation of standards. Jiang Wei, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee, Vice President and Secretary-General of China Iron and Steel Association, introduced the relevant situation of the formulation of the national standard of "Recycled Steel Raw Materials" in 2020, analyzed the current situation of the current import of recycled steel raw materials, and introduced the necessity and relevant background of further revising and improving the standard of "Recycled Steel Raw Materials". In terms of standard revision, he said that first, we should fully understand the importance of standard revision in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality; Second, we should pay attention to research, respect science, seek truth from facts, and focus on the future; Third, we should strengthen cooperation, support each other, understand each other, and form a joint force; Fourth, in accordance with the national standard revision procedure, pay attention to standardization and systematic, and promote the standard revision work in a planned and step-by-step manner; Fifth, it is necessary to strengthen communication and exchanges, and promptly request instructions and reports to the relevant ministries and commissions of the state to ensure that the information is smooth and the direction is not biased. Luo Tiejun, vice president of the Steel Association, said during the discussion that the revision of the standard should comprehensively balance the relationship between economy, ecology and safety, and follow the problem-oriented, goal-oriented and result-oriented proposed by General Secretary Xi Jinping, so as to promote the import of recycled steel raw materials and prevent foreign garbage from being mixed in. He pointed out that the key to the problem is to figure out what is foreign garbage, in the inclusion standards and other key aspects to find a way that is acceptable to all parties and does not affect the import of recycled steel raw materials, do not stick to specific figures, can consider weakening the specific value, clear what can not be mixed in, and put an end to the import of foreign garbage. At the meeting, the secretariat of the National Pig Iron and Ferroalloy Standardization Technical Committee reported on the comparison of the national standard of "Recycled Steel Raw Materials" (GB/T 39733-2020) with foreign standards such as Japan, the United States, and Russia, introduced the main content of the standard to be revised, and gave a detailed description of the test of technical indicators and the work arrangement for the preparation of the standard. Experts from iron and steel enterprises, import trade enterprises, customs, environmental protection research institutions and other experts conducted in-depth discussions and exchanges on key issues such as inclusion standards, mixed packaging standards, value-added tax collection, lower limit size of crushed materials, and import inspection and testing of recycled steel raw materials. Feng Chao, deputy secretary-general of the Steel Association, presided over the meeting. A total of 70 representatives attended the meeting, including leaders and experts from 50 units, including Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., Ouyeel Chain Gold Renewable Resources Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Shagang Group Co., Ltd., Shougang Group Co., Ltd., China Scrap Iron and Steel Application Association, Metallurgical Industry Information Standards Research Institute, China Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai Customs, China Inspection and Certification Group, Wushan Zhongda, Mitsui & Co., Ltd., and Anhui University of Technology. The convening of the meeting marked the official launch of the revision of the national standard of "Recycled Steel Raw Materials".

 Report from our correspondent at the end of 2023, The European Union Clean Energy Technology Observatory (CETO) released the 2023 Annual Report on the Development, Trends, Value Chain and Market Status of Electrolytic Water and Hydrogen Technologies (Water Electrolysis and Hydrogen in the European Union-2023 Status Report on Technology Development, Trends, Value Chains and Markets; The Report), This paper briefly analyzes the development status, trend, downstream application demand and possible challenges of related markets in the EU.  According to the report, electrolysis of water hydrogen is still the most mature, most promising from the carbon source green hydrogen technology, mainly including alkaline electrolysis, proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEM), high temperature solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC), anion exchange membrane electrolysis (AEM) and proton conductive ceramic electrolysis (PCC) five main technology. Among them, alkaline electrolysis and proton exchange membrane electrolysis are relatively mature, high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis and anion exchange membrane electrolysis are developing slowly, and proton conductive ceramic electrolysis is in an earlier development stage. At present, the European Union mainly adopts "thermal" production methods, hydrogen production by chemical by-products, carbon capture reforming, and water electrolysis for hydrogen production. Among them, the hydrogen production capacity produced by the "thermal" production method accounted for about 95.8%, chemical by-products electrolysis hydrogen production capacity accounted for about 3.6%, carbon capture reforming hydrogen production capacity accounted for about 0.5%, and water electrolysis hydrogen production capacity accounted for about 0.2%.  According to the European Hydrogen Energy Organization (Hydrogen Europe) forecast, the global installed capacity of electrolytic hydrogen production will reach 2 gigawatts in 2023. Of this, Europe will have an installed capacity of 191 MW to 500 MW; the US is expected to reach 291 MW; China will have the largest production capacity, at least half of the world, about 1.1 GW. According to the report, in the European Union, about 50.5% of hydrogen is used as chemical raw material for refining, 29.5% for the production of ammonia, 4.3% for the synthesis of methanol, 7.3% for other chemical synthesis, 4.7% for other industries, including food processing, glass manufacturing or power generation cooling, 3.7% for energy production, and 0.001% for the transportation industry.  The report predicts that eu green hydrogen demand will reach 54 million tons per year by 2030, and will reach 61 million tons per year if projects without disclosed operating dates are included. This requires the EU to increase the supply of about 600,000 to 750,000 tonnes of green hydrogen annually from 2023 to meet the construction needs of related projects. In addition, Germany will be the leading demand country for green hydrogen in Europe in the future, accounting for 38% of the region's total hydrogen demand (53% of that demand is expected to come from the country's steel industry).  The EU aims in its "REPowerEU" energy plan and the Hydrogen Strategy (The Hydrogen Strategy) to produce 10 million tons of green hydrogen and import 10 million tons of green hydrogen by 2030. According to the report, if 10 million tons of green hydrogen produced by the EU are fully produced by water lysis, the local hydrogen production industry is expected to install 140 gigawatts of electrolytic cells by 2030. The production of electrolytic cell requires more than 40 kinds of raw materials and more than 60 kinds of processing materials. The EU is heavily dependent on imports for raw materials, but its global share of processed materials and components is growing. According to the report, although the EU's green hydrogen production has now increased compared with 2022, the global production of green hydrogen is still small. At the same time, the standardized certification method of green hydrogen at the international level has not achieved obvious results. The production cost of green hydrogen is highly dependent on the change of electricity price. With the decline of natural gas costs from the peak in 2022, compared with fossil fuel production, the competitiveness of green hydrogen production will be greatly reduced. In addition, the manufacturing capacity of electrolytic cells will accelerate globally, but it will not meet the market demand for electrolytic cell deployment. According to the report, the deployment of sufficient renewable power to supply electrolytic cells may be a major challenge for the EU to meet its strategic green hydrogen production targets.